Treatment surface water using a novel pumpkin seed-based natural bio-coagulant: optimization by CCD and toxicity evaluation

<p>This goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness a new coagulant extract from pumpkin seeds (PSC) for removing turbidity and organic compounds different natural surface waters. Two design experiment methods, namely central composite (CCD) response methodology (RSM) were used optimize PSC removal matter via chemical oxygen demand (COD) water. The CCD results indicated that more than 74.7% COD 94.4% nephelometric unit (NTUs) removed under optimized conditions (pH = 7.4; mPSC 1.5 g/L; time: 88 min). They allowed final effluent with significantly higher quality in terms content safe Vibrio fischeri be obtained</p>